Dangers of uncontrolled working from heights – safe systems of work

There’s no secret that working from heights poses health and safety risks. It is important that all developers, principal contractors, sub-contractors and site staff are aware of all risks either potential or present, and what precautions plus measures are to be taken to minimise or eradicate said risks. Each site will naturally have individual risks and potential to cause harm. It is important that anyone attending a site is fully briefed on any risks there may be, and what procedures are in place for those risks. If any visitors are to attend the site, then naturally they will need to be always escorted and made aware of any risks that may be posed to them at the time of the visit.

The Work at Height Regulations 2005 has brought with it a pledge and safe system from all stakeholders involved in work from height, with an estimated 10 million people accessing a ladder, ascending scaffolding or utilising another way to work at height every year. This encompasses everyone from construction workers and steeplejacks, to teaching assistants, shop workers and artists. Whilst it is concerning that the British Government could scrap the current WAH Regulations altogether by the end of 2023, under the Retained EU Law (Revocation and Reform) Bill, it is equally encouraging that the Access Industry Forum ‘AIF’ is fighting diligently to protect these regulations or those of an equal standard, you can read more about the WAHR Repeal Risk here and likewise support should you choose to do so: –

WAHR Repeal Risk – The Access Industry Forum

On a positive note,  the Scaffolding Industry has just received its updated Safety Guidance Document SG4:22, which builds upon its already robust and common sense safety procedures, SG4:22 updates the out-going SG4:15 guidance. The key changes to SG4:22 are:

1. The removal of obsolete technology.
2. The inclusion of case studies highlighting accident and enforcement learning.
3. The embracing of new technology (e.g., drones and 3D modelling).
4. Updates to reflect changes brought in with TG20:21 (such a TG20 loading bays).
5. The inclusion of modular system scaffolding as well as traditional tube and fitting.
6. Additional safety guidance on working on beams.
7. Hazards, risks and control measures required when working on fragile roofs.
8. Improved Safe System of Work (SSOW) for temporary roofs and the prevention of falls

Any stakeholder looking to utilise scaffolding on their project, should ensure that the guidance contained within the literature (free to download as per the link below for all), is followed and incorporated where applicable into the Scaffolding Contractors Safe System of Works: –

NASC – National Access & Scaffolding Confederation

Potential falls

One of the first risks of working from heights is the risk of falling. To avoid this all works should be risk assessed, with mitigation measures put in place. In all instances, correct PPE should be worn and suitably fitted, such as a correct Harness and Lanyard(s) with trained users. This reduces the risk during operations when working to a safe system, where the need to work at height cannot be avoided. Awareness of the height during the scaffolder training and general site induction is key, reinforcing the risk to all site staff so extra caution is taken. Scaffolding related tasks should always be risk assessed, planned and utilise the Safe Systems of work at the standard of SG4:22 to avert a potential fall.

Falling objects

This poses a risk to not only workers but also anyone within the vicinity of the site, such as a member of the public walking past. Staff should be trained in how to correctly store their tools at height, along with guardrails/toe boards and collective measures installed to prevent any objects from falling. A rubble chute or similar may also be needed to safely transport any rubbish/rubble to a street-level skip. Scaffolding related tasks should always be risk assessed, planned and utilise the Safe Systems of work at the standard of SG4:22 to prevent or retain objects that have the potential to fall.

Stability

For anyone working at height, secure and stable support is needed. That is why it is best to use a reputable scaffolding company, especially one that is accredited by a recognised Industry Body. A high percentage of work that takes place at heights involves some form of repair meaning the original infrastructure needs more support to be safe. In any event, scaffolding related tasks should always be designed in accordance with the latest industry standards such as TG20:21, each fixture and support assessed, methodically planned and safely carried out then inspected.

General safety tips

When it comes to safety no question is a silly question. Here are a few general safety tips that may help.

• Triple-check that all your PPE is in suitable condition, fit for purpose and correctly utilised
• Ensure all leading edges and falls are suitably protected, plus local measures are set up correctly
• Make sure you and your staff are up to date on all health & safety regulations, procedures and best practices
• Have adequate signs showcasing on-site mandatory and prohibited actions, areas and requirements
• Plan all works following correct risk assessment, ensure operatives are suitably briefed and understand the risks/methodology of works
• Have at least 3 of your limbs in contact with ladders when using them, if no alternative safe access provision is selected
• Test your equipment before using/taking it up at height
• If utilising scaffolding, ensure regulations and best practice are followed and implemented for both design, approach and safe working in line with industry best practice such as TG:2021 and SG4:22